{"id":713,"date":"2016-05-04T02:08:53","date_gmt":"2016-05-04T06:08:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/?page_id=713"},"modified":"2016-10-12T04:39:53","modified_gmt":"2016-10-12T08:39:53","slug":"causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/","title":{"rendered":"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms<\/h2>\n

Below is a chart summarizing the causative, passive, passive-causative and natural potential verb forms. I stole it from the most excellent book, Making Sense of Japanese<\/em> by Jay Rubin. I can’t recommend this book enough – it is one of the best study books I have purchased and it provides the best discussion of wa<\/strong> (\u306f) and ga<\/strong> (\u304c) I have seen. All chart entries are complete sentences, with implied subjects, objects, and agents, using the transitive verb kaku (\u66f8\u304f- to write). All the verb forms have been put into the perfective –\u305f form as you would most likely encounter them in real-life and they have been translated using first-person singular subjects and masculine third-person singular pronouns for simplicity, employing the feminine at two points to indicate the presence of a third party. The emphasis here is on the number of players involved and direction of the action, not levels of respect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Conjugated form of \u66f8\u304f<\/td>\nTranslation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3002
\n Kaita.<\/td>\n		I wrote it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3084\u3063\u305f\u3002
\n Kaite yatta\/ageta.<\/td>\n		I wrote it for him.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304f\u308c\u305f\/\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3063\u305f\u3002
\n Kaite kureta\/kudasatta.<\/td>\n		He wrote it for me.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f\/ \u3044\u305f\u3060\u3044\u305f\u3002
\n Kaite moratta\/itadaita.<\/td>\n		I got him to write it for me.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u304b\u305b\u305f\u3002
\n Kakaseta.<\/td>\n		I made\/let him write it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u304b\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u305f\/\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3063\u305f\u3002
\n Kakasete kureta\/kudasatta.<\/td>\n		He did me the favor of making\/letter her\/me write it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u304b\u305b\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f\/\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3044\u305f\u3002
\n Kakasete moratta\/itadaita.<\/td>\n		I got him to let me write it, or I got him to make\/let her write it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u304b\u305b\u3066\u3042\u3052\u305f\/\u3084\u3063\u305f\u3002
\n Kakasete ageta\/yatta.<\/td>\n		I let\/made him write it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u3002
\n Kakareta.<\/td>\n		It was written, or I was adversely affected by his having written it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u624b\u7d19\u304c\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u3002
\n Tegami ga kakareta.<\/td>\n		The letter was written.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f\u3002
\n Tegami o kakareta.<\/td>\n		I suffered the consequences of his writing the letter.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u304b\u305b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002
\n Kakaserareta.<\/td>\n		I was forced by him to write it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002
\n Kaite atta.<\/td>\n		It had been written. (false passive)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f8\u3051\u305f\u3002
\n Kaketa.<\/td>\n		It successfully wrote itself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms
\nBelow is a chart summarizing the causative, passive, passive-causative and natural potential verb forms. I stole it from the most excellent book, Making Sense of Japanese by Jay Rubin. I can’t recommend this book enough \u2013 it is one of the best study books I have purchased and it provides the best discussion of wa<\/strong> (\u306f) and ga<\/strong> \u2026 [ Read more <\/i> ]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":651,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page_notitle.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-713","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCausative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms - Yookoso!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms Below is a chart summarizing the causative, passive, passive-causative and natural\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms - Yookoso!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms Below is a chart summarizing the causative, passive, passive-causative and natural\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Yookoso!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dailykanji\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-10-12T08:39:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@yookoso\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/\",\"name\":\"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms - Yookoso!\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-05-04T06:08:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-10-12T08:39:53+00:00\",\"description\":\"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms Below is a chart summarizing the causative, passive, passive-causative and natural\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Course Notes\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/\",\"name\":\"Yookoso!\",\"description\":\"Study Japanese language, Kanji; learn about Japanese travel, culture, life, music (JPOP) and more\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms - Yookoso!","description":"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms Below is a chart summarizing the causative, passive, passive-causative and natural","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms - Yookoso!","og_description":"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms Below is a chart summarizing the causative, passive, passive-causative and natural","og_url":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/","og_site_name":"Yookoso!","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dailykanji","article_modified_time":"2016-10-12T08:39:53+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@yookoso","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/","url":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/","name":"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms - Yookoso!","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2016-05-04T06:08:53+00:00","dateModified":"2016-10-12T08:39:53+00:00","description":"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms Below is a chart summarizing the causative, passive, passive-causative and natural","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/causative-passive-passive-causative-and-natural-potential-verb-forms\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Course Notes","item":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/notes\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/","name":"Yookoso!","description":"Study Japanese language, Kanji; learn about Japanese travel, culture, life, music (JPOP) and more","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=713"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":812,"href":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/713\/revisions\/812"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yookoso.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}